NationPulse
🇪🇪 Estonia in official data
How Estonia is doing across 22 areas of society, from the economy to health, housing and education: the latest official figures from Eurostat, the OECD and national statistics offices, as shown on NationPulse.
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Where it stands in the EU
- Low-achieving 15-year-olds in mathematics (PISA): Estonia has the lowest value in the EU (17.2 %, 2025).
- Actual individual consumption per capita: Estonia has the 2nd lowest value in the EU (74 EU = 100, 2024).
- Low-achieving 15-year-olds in science (PISA): Estonia has the lowest value in the EU (9.9 %, 2025).
- Unmet need for medical care: Estonia has the 3rd highest value in the EU (7.7 %, 2025).
- Government debt: Estonia has the lowest value in the EU (24.0 % GDP, 2025).
- Deaths due to homicide: Estonia has the 3rd highest value in the EU (1.56 /100k, 2023).
- Households covered by 5G: Estonia has the highest value in the EU (100.0 %, 2025).
- Low-achieving 15-year-olds in reading (PISA): Estonia has the 2nd lowest value in the EU (17.0 %, 2025).
- Employment in high-technology sectors: Estonia has the 2nd highest value in the EU (7.3 %, 2025).
- Unable to keep the home adequately warm: Estonia has the 2nd lowest value in the EU (3.1 %, 2025).
- Disability employment gap: Estonia has the 2nd lowest value in the EU (16.0 pp, 2025).
- Premature deaths from fine particulate matter (PM2.5): Estonia has the 3rd lowest value in the EU (3 /100k, 2023).
Brain: Education, research & innovation
Eyes: Information & Digital Access
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Households with internet access | 95.4 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| People with at least basic digital skills | 62.5 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| People reading news online | 77.8 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Ears: Civic Participation
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| People taking part in active citizenship | 7.7 % | 2022 | Eurostat |
Jaw: Justice & Institutions
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Perceived independence of the justice system | 59 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Neck: Government & Public Administration
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| People using online public services | 88.6 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Heart: Economy & Financial Stability
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Actual individual consumption per capita | 74 EU = 100 | 2024 | Eurostat |
| Real household disposable income per person | 131.0 2008=100 | 2024 | Eurostat |
| Real GDP per person | 21,820 € | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Government debt | 24.0 % GDP | 2025 | Eurostat |
Left lung: Healthcare
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 79.4 years | 2024 | Eurostat |
| Unmet need for medical care | 7.7 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Out-of-pocket spending on healthcare | 21.5 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Right lung: Environment & Climate
Stomach: Cost of Living
Liver: Poverty & Social Welfare
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| People making ends meet with great difficulty | 4.1 % | 2025 | Eurostat (EU-SILC) |
| At risk of poverty or social exclusion | 21.8 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Poverty reduction by social transfers | 29.6 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Left kidney: Housing
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Housing cost overburden rate | 8.8 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Overcrowding rate | 17.9 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Severe housing deprivation rate | 2.9 % | 2023 | Eurostat |
Right kidney: Essential Utilities
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Unable to keep the home adequately warm | 3.1 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Arrears on utility bills | 5.7 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Homes without a bath, shower or indoor toilet | 2.9 % | 2020 | Eurostat |
Left arm: Employment
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Unemployment rate | 7.50 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Employment rate, ages 20–64 | 81.7 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Right arm: Job Quality
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Temporary employees | 2.9 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Underemployed part-time workers | 1.1 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| In-work at-risk-of-poverty rate | 10.5 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Usual weekly working hours, full-time employees | 40.0 h/week | 2025 | Eurostat |
Left hand: Youth Opportunities
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Youth unemployment rate | 20.7 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) | 11.2 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Right hand: Workplace Safety
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Fatal accidents at work | 2.26 /100k | 2024 | Eurostat |
| Non-fatal accidents at work | 827 /100k | 2024 | Eurostat |
Left leg: Roads & Transport
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Road traffic deaths | 5.0 /100k | 2024 | Eurostat |
Right leg: Public Transport & Mobility
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Public transport share of passenger travel | 14.0 % | 2024 | Eurostat |
| Rail share of passenger travel | 2.5 % | 2024 | Eurostat |
Left foot: Regional Accessibility
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Rural households covered by very high capacity broadband | 78.5 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Right foot: Digital Infrastructure
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| Households covered by very high capacity broadband | 81.1 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Households covered by 5G | 100.0 % | 2025 | Eurostat |
Skin and body outline: Public Safety & Social Inclusion
| Indicator | Latest value | Period | Source |
|---|
| People reporting crime, violence or vandalism in their area | 4.3 % | 2023 | Eurostat |
| Deaths due to homicide | 1.56 /100k | 2023 | Eurostat |
| Disability employment gap | 16.0 pp | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Trust in other people | 5.3 /10 | 2025 | Eurostat |
Researched context (not official statistics)
For conditions with no official series, published figures from other credible sources, checked against the linked pages:
- Educational inequality by social background: In PISA 2022, students’ social background mattered less in Estonia than on average in the OECD: the gap between advantaged and disadvantaged students was 81 points in maths, against 93.
- Scientific research outcomes: Research in Estonia is cited a little less often than the EU average (13th in the EU), but it is strongly international: co-publications with foreign researchers are well above the EU average (10th).
- Public voice: CIVICUS rates civic space in Estonia as "open", the best of its five levels.
- Media freedom: Reporters Without Borders ranks Estonia 3rd of 180 countries for press freedom in 2026, among the freest in the world.
- Access to justice: The World Justice Project places Estonia 10th of 143 countries for the rule of law, and 8th for civil justice.
- Court efficiency: Courts in Estonia took an estimated 185 days to resolve civil and commercial disputes at first instance in 2024, down from 196 in 2023 and shorter than in most EU countries.
- Public service effectiveness: The World Bank scores the effectiveness of Estonia’s government at 83.0 out of 100 in 2025, up from 79.5 in 2024.
- Transport infrastructure: Business executives placed Estonia’s roads 42nd of 141 countries in 2019; the World Bank gives its trade and transport infrastructure 3.5 out of 5.
- Commuting: In 2019 a one-way commute in Estonia took 23 minutes on average, shorter than the EU average of 25.
- Access to services: Most people in Estonia can reach work or study without a car: 81.3% can get there within an hour by public transport, cycling or walking, well above the EU average.
Data retrieved 2026-10-21. Every value links to its official source.
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